1
Why is a colonoscopy performed?
A colonoscopy may be indicated in cases of persistent or recurring abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, unexplained anemia, or suspected inflammation, polyps, tumors, or other abnormalities in the large intestine. It is also recommended for preventative care (colorectal cancer screening) starting at age 50, or earlier if there is a family history of colorectal cancer.
Depending on the specific question, a left-sided colonoscopy (sigmoidoscopy) may also be sufficient.
2
Procedure
A colonoscopy is performed using a flexible tube (colonoscope) with a camera and light source at its end. You will receive a sedative (propofol) through an iv line, ensuring the examination is painless. During the procedure, your blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen levels will be monitored. You will lie on your side while the colonoscope is carefully inserted through the anus into the large intestine. The camera allows the colon lining to be examined and abnormalities to be detected. If necessary, small tissue samples can be taken, polyps removed, or bleeding be treated. The actual examination usually takes about 30 minutes, while the entire procedure, including preparation and recovery, takes approximately 1.5 to 2 hours.
3
Preparation
For a successful examination, the bowel must be completely cleansed. You will receive special laxatives and instructions on which foods you may eat in the days before the examination. You must be fasting for the examination. Clear liquids are permitted up to two hours before the examination. Blood thinning or other medications should be discussed with the doctor beforehand.
4
After the examination
Immediately after the colonoscopy, you will be monitored briefly until the sedation wears off. A feeling of fullness or mild abdominal cramps due to the air introduced during the examination are possible. Eating, drinking, and taking medication are usually permitted immediately after the examination, unless there are specific instructions. If tissue samples were taken or polyps removed, you will receive the results later. After an examination under sedation (propofol), you must not drive for 12 hours.